Note: These references describe how anthropogenic climate change is driving more extreme hotter droughts, high-severity wildfires, and forest die-offs at three hierarchical spatial scales:
1) the Jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico;
2) western North America; and
3) globally.
- Abatzoglou, J.T., A.P. Williams. 2016. Impact of anthropogenic climate change on wildfire across western US forests. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 113:11770-11775.
- Allen, C.D. 1989. Changes in the Landscape of the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico. Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA. 346 pp.
- Allen, C.D., and D.D. Breshears. 1998. Drought-induced shift of a forest-woodland ecotone: Rapid landscape response to climate variation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 95:14839-14842.
- Allen, C.D., + 8 co-authors. 2002. Ecological restoration of Southwestern ponderosa pine ecosystems: A broad perspective. Ecological Applications 12:1418-1433.
- Allen, C.D. 2002. Lots of lightning and plenty of people: An ecological history of fire in the upland Southwest. Chapter 5 (pages 143-193) in: T.R. Vale (ed.), Fire, Native Peoples, and the Natural Landscape. Island Press, Covelo, CA. 315 pp.
- Allen, C.D. 2005. A thousand years in the life of the Bandelier landscape. Chapter 2 (pp.11-18) In: R.P. Powers (ed.), The Peopling of Bandelier: New Approaches to the Archeology of the Pajarito Plateau. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, NM. 142 pp.
- Allen, C.D. 2007. Interactions across spatial scales among forest dieback, fire, and erosion in northern New Mexico landscapes. Ecosystems 10:797-808.
- Allen, C.D., + 4 co-authors. 2008. Paired charcoal and tree-ring records of high-frequency fire from two New Mexico bog sites. International Journal of Wildland Fire 17:115-130.
- Allen, C.D., + 19 co-authors. 2010. A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests. Forest Ecology and Management 259:660-684.
- Allen, C.D. 2014. Forest ecosystem reorganization underway in the Southwestern US – Does this foreshadow widespread forest changes in the Anthropocene? Pages 103-123 In: V.A. Sample + 2 eds. Forest Conservation and Management in the Anthropocene: Conference Proceedings. Proceedings RMRS-P-71. Fort Collins, CO: USDA Forest Service. Rocky Mountain Research Station. 494 p. Online at: https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/57327.
- Allen, C.D., D.D. Breshears, and N.G. McDowell. 2015. On underestimation of global vulnerability to tree mortality and forest die-off from hotter drought in the Anthropocene. Ecosphere 6(8):129. doi.org/10.1890/ES15-00203.1. 55 p.
- Allen, C.D. 2019. “A Shrubbier Future: Forest Transformation in the Eastern Jemez Mountains”. Essay, pp. 85-88 in: Philip Metcalf & Patricia Galagan, Fire Ghosts. George F. Thompson Publishing, Staunton, VA. 160 p. ISBN: 978-1-938086-71-7.
- Allen, C.D. 2022. Climate change: Ecosystem responses and feedbacks to water resources in New Mexico. Chapter IV, pp. 42-61 in: Dunbar, N.W., D.S. Gutzler, and F. Phillips (eds.), Climate Change in New Mexico over the Next 50 Years: Impacts on Water Resources. New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources. Online at: https://geoinfo.nmt.edu/ClimatePanel/report/
- Breshears, D.D., + co-authors. 2005. Regional vegetation die-off in response to global-change type drought. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 102:15144-15148.
- Batllori, E., + 36 co-authors. 2020. Forest and woodland replacement patterns following drought-related mortality. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117:29720-29729.
- Bentz, B.J., + 8 co-authors. 2010. Climate change and bark beetles of the western United States and Canada: direct and indirect effects. BioScience 60:602-613.
- Coop, J.D., S.A. Parks, S.R. McClernan, L.M. Holsinger. 2016. Influences of prior wildfires on vegetation response to subsequent fire in a reburned Southwestern landscape. Ecological Applications 26:346-354.
- Coop, J.D., + 22 co-authors. 2020. Wildfire-driven forest conversion in western North American landscapes. BioScience 70:659-673.
- Davis, K.T., + 8 co-authors. 2019. Wildfires and climate change push low-elevation forests across a critical climate threshold for tree regeneration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116:6193-6198.
- Dewar J.J., + 7 co-authors. 2021. Valleys of fire: Historical fire regimes of forest-grassland ecotones across the montane landscape of the Valles Caldera National Preserve, New Mexico, USA. Landscape Ecology 36:331–352.
- Field, J.P., + 5 co-authors. 2021. Forest management under megadrought: Urgent needs at finer-scale and higher-intensity. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change 3:502669. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2020.502669.
- Grant, G.E., C.L. Tague, and C.D. Allen. 2013. Watering the forest for the trees: an emerging priority for managing water in forest landscapes. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 11:314-321.
- Guiterman, C.H., + 4 co-authors. 2018. Long-term persistence and fire resilience of oak shrubfields in dry conifer forests of northern New Mexico. Ecosystems. doi:10.1007/s10021-017-0192-2.
- Guiterman, C.H., + 27 co-authors. 2020. Vegetation type conversion in the US Southwest: frontline observations and management responses. Fire Ecology 18, Article number 6.
- Hammond, W., + 9 co-authors. 2022. A global hotter-drought fingerprint on Earth’s tree die-off sites reveals how warming extremes drive accelerating forest risks. Nature Communications. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2.
- Hartmann, H., + 10 co-authors. 2022. Climate change risks to global forest health – emergence of unexpected events of elevated tree mortality world-wide. Annual Review of Plant Biology 73:25.1–25.30. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-012804.
- Johnstone, J.F. , + 3 co-authors. 2016. Changing disturbance regimes, ecological memory, and forest resilience. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 14:369-378.
- Jones, M.W., + 15 co-authors. Global and regional trends and drivers of fire under climate change. Reviews of Geophysics. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020RG000726
- Jump, A.S., + 7 co-authors. 2017. Structural overshoot of tree growth with climate variability and the global spectrum of drought-induced forest dieback. Global Change Biology 23: 3742-3757. doi:10.1111/gcb.13636.
- Keyser, A.R., + 4 co-authors. 2020. Simulated increases in fire activity reinforce shrub conversion in a Southwestern US forest. Ecosystems. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00498-4
- Margolis, E.Q., T.W. Swetnam, and C.D. Allen. 2007. A stand-replacing fire history in upper montane forests of the southern Rocky Mountains. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37:2227-2241.
- McDowell, N.G., + 19 co-authors. 2020. Pervasive shifts in forest dynamics in a changing world. Science. DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz9463.
- Raffa, K.F., + 6 co-authors. 2008. Cross-scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: the dynamics of bark beetle eruptions. BioScience 58: 501-517.
- Roos, C.I., C.H. Guiterman. 2021. Dating the origins of persistent oak shrubfields in northern New Mexico using soil charcoal and dendrochronology. The Holocene 31:1212-1220.
- Stevens J.T., + 20 co-authors. 2021. Tamm Review: Postfire landscape management in frequent-fire conifer forests of the southwestern United States. Forest Ecology and Management. doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119678.
- Swetnam, T.W., + 5 co-authors. 2016. Multi-scale perspectives of fire, climate and humans in western North America and the Jemez Mountains, U.S.A. Philosophical Transactions, Royal Society B. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0168.
- Tillery, A.C., L.D. McFadden, and C.D. Allen. 2022. Landscape change, fire and erosion. Chapter VI, pp. 78-92 in: Dunbar, N.W., D.S. Gutzler, and F. Phillips (eds.), Climate Change in New Mexico over the Next 50 Years: Impacts on Water Resources. New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources. Online at: https://geoinfo.nmt.edu/ClimatePanel/report/
- Touchan, R., C.D. Allen, and T.W. Swetnam. 1996. Fire History and Climatic Patterns in Ponderosa Pine and Mixed-Conifer Forests of the Jemez Mountains, Northern New Mexico. Pp. 33-46 in: C.D. Allen (ed.), Fire Effects in Southwestern Forests: Proceedings of the Second La Mesa Fire Symposium. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-GTR-286. Fort Collins, CO. 216 pp.
- Touchan, R., C. Woodhouse, D. Meko, and C.D. Allen. 2011. Millennial precipitation reconstruction for the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, reveals changing drought signal. International Journal of Climatology 31:896-906.
- Turco, M., + 8 co-authors. The emerging human fingerprint on global extreme fire weather. Science Advances 12. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adx9845.
- Williams, A.P., + 6 co-authors. 2010. Forest responses to increasing aridity and warmth in southwestern North America. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 107:21289-21294.
- Williams, A.P., + 12 co-authors. 2013. Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality. Nature Climate Change 3:292-297.
- Williams, A.P., B.I. Cook, J.E. Smerdon. 2022. Rapid intensification of the emerging southwestern North American megadrought in 2020–2021
- Nature Climate Change 12 (3), 232-234.
- Wion, A.P., + 5 co-authors. 2024. Multi-decadal vegetation transformations of a New Mexico ponderosa pine landscape after severe fires and aerial seeding. Ecological Applications 34 (6), e3008. DOI: 10.1002/eap.3008.
- Wion, A.P., + 6 co-authors. 2026. Recent high-severity wildfires in a dry-conifer landscape are unprecedented over five centuries and foretell future forest loss. 2026. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. DOI:10.1073/pnas.2513731123.
- Yin, C., + 5 co-authors. 2026. Fire weather waves drive extreme fires globally. Communications Earth & Environment. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-03858-5.